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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the relational affordances they were able to draw from were crucial. The RIs from TS & ZL, for example mentioned their relationships with their local professors as a key factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see the example 2). This article examines all local research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on core pragmatic topics including: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test is a commonly used tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has many strengths but it also has a few disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It is unable to account for cultural and individual variations. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. Therefore, it must be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables related to politeness can be a strength. This feature can be used to study the impact of prosody across cultural contexts. In the field of linguistics DCT is one of the most useful tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to study various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical selection. It can be used to evaluate the level of phonological sophistication in learners in their speech. Recent research utilized the DCT as an instrument to test the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the appropriate response. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures, including a questionnaire and video recordings. Researchers cautioned, however, that the DCT should be used with caution. They also suggested using other data collection methods. DCTs are usually created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, like the content and the form. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test developers. They are not always exact and could be misleading in describing the way ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods of assessing refusal competence. A recent study examined DCT responses to requests made by students through email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect requests and utilized hints less than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study looked at Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. The participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their opinions and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to reject native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories and their relationships. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. First, the MQ data were analyzed to determine the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were compared with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine if they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. The interviewees were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a given scenario. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and z tests. The CLKs were discovered to employ euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” or “thank you”. 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 could be due to their lack experience with the target languages, leading to an insufficient knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and 2 norms or to move towards L1 varied depending on the DCT circumstances. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms – and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that the CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two independent coders. Coding was an iterative process in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The coding results are then contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) The most important problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question by using various experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. 프라그마틱 무료스핀 were then invited to an RI where they were asked to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that on average, the CLKs rejected native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they were able to produce patterns that closely resembled natives. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal aspects such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing life experiences. They also referred to external factors, such as relational affordances. For example, they described how their relationships with professors facilitated more relaxed performance with respect to the intercultural and linguistic rules of their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or penalties they could be subject to if their local social norms were violated. They were worried that their native friends might perceive them as “foreignersand consider them unintelligent. This worry was similar to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speakers' pragmatic norms are not the preferred norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the usefulness of these tests in different contexts and in particular situations. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultural contexts on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students in L2. Additionally it will assist educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting. Case Studies The case study method is a strategy that utilizes deep, participatory investigations to explore a particular subject. This method makes use of multiple data sources including interviews, observations and documents, to prove its findings. This kind of research is ideal for studying unique or complex subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods. In a case study the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are crucial for investigation and which ones could be left out. It is also beneficial to read the literature to gain a general understanding of the subject and place the situation within a larger theoretical framework. This case study was based upon an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely vulnerable to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency of adding their own text or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their answers. Furthermore, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 on their next attempt. They were required to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as comprehension and pragmatic awareness. The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each of which involved a hypothetical interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making an inquiry. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. For instance, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and therefore was reluctant to inquire about the health of her interlocutors despite having the burden of a job despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would do so.